Origin Story
Roman mythology featured a singular god with two faces. His name was Janus. One face looked backward, the other forward — and so Janus was the god of doors, gateways, beginnings, and endings, guarding every threshold one passes through coming and going. The Romans felt it only fitting to name the first month of the new year after this god. The moment of looking back on the year just gone while looking ahead to the one to come was the very image of Janus, who sees both directions at once. And so Januarius, "the month of Janus," became English January. Perhaps we, too, resemble Janus when we sit down at the start of each year to plan the months ahead.
The English word janitor (a caretaker or doorkeeper) comes from the same Janus. The name of the god who guarded doors passed on to the person who tends them.
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Online Etymology DictionaryJanuary (n.): late 13c., from Latin Januarius (mensis) "(the month) of Janus," from Janus, Roman god of doorways, beginnings, and endings
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Oxford English DictionaryJanuary: from Latin Januarius, from Janus, the god of doors and of the beginning of the year
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Merriam-Webster DictionaryLatin Januarius, from Janus, two-faced Roman god of gates and beginnings
Word Evolution
Words from the Same Root
Memory Hook
The god Janus is hiding inside January. Remember it as "the month that opens the new year by looking both forward and back."
""The first month of the year is the hour of Janus — a time to look back and to look ahead at once.""