🌍 English Origins #68
Latin
January
/ˈdʒænjuˌɛri/
1월
Latin Januarius ("the month of Janus") → Janus, the two-faced god → January.
✍️ ONGO · 2026-06-06 · 5 min read
01

Origin Story

Era
Ancient Rome, before the Common Era

Roman mythology featured a singular god with two faces. His name was Janus. One face looked backward, the other forward — and so Janus was the god of doors, gateways, beginnings, and endings, guarding every threshold one passes through coming and going. The Romans felt it only fitting to name the first month of the new year after this god. The moment of looking back on the year just gone while looking ahead to the one to come was the very image of Janus, who sees both directions at once. And so Januarius, "the month of Janus," became English January. Perhaps we, too, resemble Janus when we sit down at the start of each year to plan the months ahead.

The English word janitor (a caretaker or doorkeeper) comes from the same Janus. The name of the god who guarded doors passed on to the person who tends them.

📚 Sources
  • Online Etymology Dictionary
    January (n.): late 13c., from Latin Januarius (mensis) "(the month) of Janus," from Janus, Roman god of doorways, beginnings, and endings
  • Oxford English Dictionary
    January: from Latin Januarius, from Janus, the god of doors and of the beginning of the year
  • Merriam-Webster Dictionary
    Latin Januarius, from Janus, two-faced Roman god of gates and beginnings
02

Word Evolution

1
Classical Latin
Januarius
the month of Janus
2
Middle English
Januarie
the first month of the year
3
Modern English
January
January
03

Words from the Same Root

janitor
A doorkeeper — from Janus, the god of doors.
Janus
The two-faced Roman god, the word's direct source.
Janus-faced
"Two-faced," deceitful — an expression born from Janus, who faced both ways at once.
04

Memory Hook

The god Janus is hiding inside January. Remember it as "the month that opens the new year by looking both forward and back."

""The first month of the year is the hour of Janus — a time to look back and to look ahead at once.""

Next Word
atlas
지도책
Read →